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关键词： Pattern recognition  

摘要： Productivity in Research (PQ) is a scholarship granted by CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development). This scholarship aims to recognize a few selected faculty researchers for their scientific production, outstanding technology and innovation in their respective areas of knowledge. In the present study, we evaluated the scientific production of the 185 researchers in the Computer Science area granted with PQ scholarship in the last PQ selection notice. To evaluate the productivity of each professor, we considered papers published in scientific journals and conferences (complete works) in a five years period (from 2017 to 2021). We analyzed the productivity in terms of both quantity and quality. We also evaluated its distribution over the country, universities and research facilities, as well as, the co-authorship network produced. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Students  

摘要： While a lucrative and growing field, low levels of gender and racial diversity in Computer Science (CS) remain prevalent. Education and workforce support programs with the intention to promote underrepresented students’ persistence in CS exist, which teach CS skills, inform of career options, and grow students’ network in CS. Studies have demonstrated these programs’ effectiveness as it relates to changes in affective outcomes, such as participants’ confidence in CS skills and attitudes towards CS jobs. However, the longitudinal impact of CS support programs on participants' build-up of social capital in CS, and the resulting social capital’s influence on their persistence in the field, remain unexplored. Motivated by the literature that associates demographic identifiers with access to social capital, and students’ access to developmental relationships and career-related resources (social capital) in CS with their persistence, this study explores a CS support program’s impact on persistence through capital building. We focus on Google’s Computer Science Summer Institute (CSSI), which provided graduating high school students with a 3-week-long introduction to CS. We use interviews with participants who are now 2-5 years out of the program to study CSSI’s impact on their social capital and long-term persistence in CS. Thematic analysis reveals three features of the program that influenced students’ build-up of social capital, and that the resulting persistence was realized through students’ progress towards internships in CS and goals for paying-it-forward in CS. These findings inform our recommendations that future CS support programs and educational settings consider mentorship centered on socioemotional support, opportunities for collaboration, and time for fun social activities. Additional suggestions center on engaging socially-oriented individuals with CS support programs. These insights inform facilitators and educators in CS on design choices that can encoura

关键词： Statistical physics   thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamics   Computer science   Electrical and electronic engineering  

摘要： Machine learning studies need colossal power to process massive datasets and train neural networks to reach high accuracies, which have become gradually unsustainable. Limited by the von Neumann bottleneck, current computing architectures and methods fuel this high power consumption. Here, we present an analog computing method that harnesses chaotic nonlinear attractors to perform machine learning tasks with low power consumption. Inspired by neuromorphic computing, our model is a programmable, versatile, and generalized platform for machine learning tasks. Our mode provides exceptional performance in clustering by utilizing chaotic attractors’ nonlinear mapping and sensitivity to initial conditions. When deployed as a simple analog device, it only requires milliwatt-scale power levels while being on par with current machine learning techniques. We demonstrate low errors and high accuracies with our model for regression and classification-based learning tasks.

关键词： Computer simulations   Technology-enhanced scaffolding   Technology-enhanced feedback   Cognitive development   Authentic problem-solving   Sensemaking   PHET INTERACTIVE SIMULATIONS   FRAMEWORK   EDUCATION   ENVIRONMENT   STRATEGIES   STANDARDS   TOOLS  

摘要： Constructivist learning theories consider deep understanding of the content to be the result of engagement in relevant learning activities with appropriate scaffolding that provides the learner with timely and substantive feedback. However, any group of students has a variety of levels of knowledge and cognitive development, which makes providing appropriate individual-level scaffolding and feedback challenging in the classroom. Computer simulations can help meet this challenge by providing technology-enhanced embedded scaffolding and feedback via specific simulation design. The use of computer simulations does not, however, guarantee development of deep science understanding. Careful research-driven design of the simulation and the accompanying teaching structure both play critical roles in achieving the desired learning outcomes. In this paper, we discuss the capabilities of computer simulations and the issues that can impact the learning outcomes when combining technology-enhanced scaffolding and feedback with external teaching structures. We conclude with suggestions of promising research avenues on simulation design and their use in the classroom to help students achieve deep science understanding.

关键词： Education computing  

摘要： A new dataset (N = 7,456) analyzes women’s research authorship in the Association for Computing Machinery’s founding 13 Special Interest Groups or SIGs, a proxy for computer science. ACM SIGs expanded during 1970-2000; each experienced increasing women’s authorship. But diversity abounds. Several SIGs had fewer than 10% women authors while SIGUCCS (university computing centers) exceeded 40%. Three SIGs experienced accelerating growth in women’s authorship; most, including composite ACM, had decelerating growth. This research may encourage reform efforts, often focusing on general education or workforce factors (across "computer science"), to examine under-studied dynamics within computer science that shaped changes in women’s participation. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Motivation  

摘要： Contribution: This article analyzes learning and motivational impact of teacher-authored educational video games on computer science education and compares its effectiveness in both face-to-face and online (remote) formats. This work presents comparative data and findings obtained from 217 students who played the game in a face-to-face format (control group) and 104 students who played the game in an online format (experimental group). Background: Serious video games have been proven effective at computer science education, however it is still unknown whether the effectiveness of these games is the same regardless of their format, face-to-face or online. Moreover, the usage of games created through authoring tools has barely been explored. Research questions: Are teacher-authored educational video games effective in terms of learning and motivation for computer science students? Does the effectiveness of teacher-authored educational video games depend on whether they are used in a face-to-face or online format? Methodology: A quasi-experiment has been conducted by using three instruments (pre-test, post-test and questionnaire) with the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of Game-Based Learning in face-to-face and online formats. A total of 321 computer science students played a teacher-authored educational video game aimed to learn about software design. Findings: The results reveal that teacher-authored educational video games are highly effective in terms of knowledge acquisition and motivation both in face-to-face and online formats. The results also show that some students’ perceptions were more positive when a face-to-face format was used. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reaction Rate   Computer Science   Open Research   Evolutionary Computation   Guest Editors   Editor In Chief  

摘要： We have a special issue on the logistical histories of computing, which its guest editors, Matthew Hockenberry and Miriam Posner will introduce. My introduction will thus be brief, though with an important announcement.

关键词： Sleep deprivation   Machine learning   Construction safety   Construction workers   Safety performance   QUALITY   ADOLESCENTS   PREGNANCY   DURATION   AGE  

摘要： Sleep deprivation is a critical issue that affects workers in numerous industries, including construction. It adversely affects workers and can lead to significant concerns regarding their health, safety, and overall job performance. Several studies have investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on safety and productivity. Although the impact of sleep deprivation on safety and productivity through cognitive impairment has been investigated, research on the association of sleep deprivation and contributing factors that lead to workplace hazards and injuries remains limited. To fill this gap in the literature, this study utilized machine learning algorithms to predict hazardous situations. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the applicability of machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine and random forest, by predicting sleep deprivation in construction workers based on responses from 240 construction workers, identifying seven primary indices as predictive factors. The findings indicate that the support vector machine algorithm produced superior sleep deprivation prediction outcomes during the validation process. The study findings offer significant benefits to stakeholders in the construction industry, particularly project and safety managers. By enabling the implementation of targeted interventions, these insights can help reduce accidents and improve workplace safety through the timely and accurate prediction of sleep deprivation.

关键词： Project 101   curriculum design   education reform   teaching improvement  

摘要： This article presents the progress of Project 101, an initiative starting from December 2021, to improve computer science curriculum and teaching in top Chinese universities, in order to meet the demand of computer science eduction in the new information age. Project 101 aims at improving classroom teaching, while focusing on the development of core courses, core textbooks, core practice platforms, as well as core faculty training. We present an overview of the organization and plan of Project 101, as well as the current progress after two years’ efforts from the working group of Project 101. Finally, we will also discuss tentative future plans aiming at improving computer science education in a large number of universities based on the current results.

关键词： 北京黑猪   脂肪前体细胞   成脂诱导分化   成熟脂肪细胞   三维培养   细胞培育肉  

摘要： 旨在建立北京黑猪脂肪前体细胞的分离培养及成脂诱导分化培养体系,为研究猪脂肪沉积的分子机制提供试验材料,为生物培育肉的制备提供技术指导。本研究采集1头7日龄健康的北京黑猪公猪的颈部皮下脂肪组织,使用机械法联合I型胶原酶消化法分离脂肪前体细胞。对获得的脂肪前体细胞进行形态观察、生长曲线绘制、免疫荧光鉴定、成脂诱导分化、油红O染色、BODIPY染色、甘油三酯含量测定及使用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot技术检测成脂分化相关基因的表达。结果表明,分离的北京黑猪脂肪前体细胞贴壁后呈长梭形,细胞生长曲线呈S型。免疫荧光结果表明,PREF1表达为阳性,表明分离的细胞的确为脂肪前体细胞。在相同的诱导试剂组合条件下,使用10%FBS比2%FBS成脂诱导分化效果更好。在相同血清浓度的情况下,鸡尾酒法与油酸钠、罗格列酮共同联用的细胞分化效果较好。分化8 d的细胞中出现大量的脂滴,脂滴经油红O染色呈红色,经BODIPY染色呈绿色。且分化8 d的细胞中甘油三酯的含量显著升高(P<0.001)。qPCR结果显示,PPARγ、CEBPα、ACCα、LPL、SCD和FABP4在分化2 d时表达量均显著升高(P<0.05),4~6 d达到高峰,8 d时表达量降低。Western blot结果表明,PPARγ、CEBPα、FABP4、APN在细胞分化过程中表达逐渐上调。PREF1在细胞分化过程中表达逐渐下调。在三维培养情况下,使用10%FBS,鸡尾酒法与油酸钠、罗格列酮共同联用也能使脂肪前体细胞分化为成熟的脂肪细胞,分化8 d的细胞中脂滴经BODIPY和油红O染色后分别呈绿色和红色,且PPARγ、CEBPα、ACCα、LPL、SCD和FABP4在分化8 d的细胞中的表达量显著上调(P<0.001)。综上所述,本研究成功建立了北京黑猪脂肪前体细胞的分离与培养体系,并筛选出适合二维和三维培养的成脂诱导分化方法,为进一步研究猪脂肪沉积的分子机制和改善肉品质奠定基础,也为细胞培育肉的制备提供技术指导。