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关键词： affirmative action   african americans   asian-americans   black culture   black students   culture matters   diversity   elite high schools   new york city   public schools  

关键词： COMPUTER science  

摘要： The article announces the appointment of Simon Peyton Jones as chairman of National Centre for Computing Education.

关键词： Quantum optics  

摘要： Overall, QC is poised at a deeply fascinating inflection point. Large industry and government investments are pushing for breakthroughs in qubit counts and fidelities, with quantum advantage being a much-sought-after milestone. To reach long-term practicality, however, will require considerable innovation after quantum advantage has been reached. Practical QC algorithms that can make use of intermediate-scale hardware will likely be needed in order to motivate ongoing investment of time and resources into QC developments. Without a "killer app" or at least a useful app runnable in the first ten years, progress may stall. In addition, the workshop agreed that there is a general need for research regarding how best to implement and optimize programming, mapping, and resource management for QC systems through the functionality in between algorithms and devices. Attention to systems design and scalability issues will be important as QC systems grow beyond small qubit counts and require modular large-scale designs. For near-term NISQ machines, we will need to create and refine languages and compilation techniques that give programmers the expressive power needed to articulate the needs of QC algorithms relative to tight resource constraints on current implementations. Longer term, the use of abstractions to enhance productivity (e.g. effective QEC techniques may allow future QC programmers to treat QC instructions and qubits as fully reliable and accurate) once quantum resources are more plentiful. We must establish the sorts of modularity and layering commonly needed for scalable systems (e.g. libraries for commonly-used functions, as well as APIs and instruction sets will aid development and optimization). Furthermore, real-world quantum systems will be hybrids of classical and quantum units, and research is needed on how to program and map efficiently to "both sides" of such machines. Opinions vary on the degree of architectural sophistication warranted on each side,

关键词： Lawyers   Executions & executioners   Innocence (Psychology)   Pleas of guilty   Capital punishment  

摘要： The article reports that lawyer Domineque Ray recall experience of representing now-executed client. It mentions execution had been stayed mere hours before this moment, but then the U.S. Supreme Court allowed the state of Alabama to proceed with its order to kill people. It also mentions Domineque maintained his innocence, but a jury still returned a guilty verdict and recommended the death penalty.

关键词： Numerical analysis  

摘要： A recalibration is proposed for "numerical analysis" as it arises specifically within the broader, embracing field of modern computer science (CS). This would facilitate research into theoretical and practicable models of real-number computation at the foundations of CS, and it would also advance the instructional objectives of the CS field. Our approach is premised on the key observation that the great "watershed" in numerical computation is much more marked between finite- and infinite-dimensional numerical problems than it is between discrete and continuous numerical problems. A revitalized discipline for numerical computation within modern CS can more accurately be defined as "numerical algorithmic science & engineering (NAS&E), or more compactly, as "numerical algorithmics," its focus being the algorithmic solution of numerical problems that are either discrete, or continuous over a space of finite dimension, or a combination of the two. It is the counterpart within modern CS of the numerical analysis discipline, whose primary focus is the algorithmic solution of continuous, infinite-dimensional numerical problems and their finite-dimensional approximates, and whose specialists today have largely been repatriated to departments of mathematics. Our detailed overview of NAS&E from the viewpoints of rationale, foundations, and organization is preceded by a recounting of the role played by numerical analysts in the evolution of academic departments of computer science, in order to provide background for NAS&E and place the newly-emerging discipline within its larger historical context. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computer science   Quantum information   Quantum physics  

摘要： Ordinary computers can perform machine learning by comparing mathematical representations of data. An experiment demonstrates how quantum computing could use quantum-mechanical representations instead.

关键词： Computer science   Quantum information   Quantum simulation   Qubits   Statistics  

摘要： Machine learning and quantum computing are two technologies that each have the potential to alter how computation is performed to address previously untenable problems. Kernel methods for machine learning are ubiquitous in pattern recognition, with support vector machines (SVMs) being the best known method for classification problems. However, there are limitations to the successful solution to such classification problems when the feature space becomes large, and the kernel functions become computationally expensive to estimate. A core element in the computational speed-ups enabled by quantum algorithms is the exploitation of an exponentially large quantum state space through controllable entanglement and interference. Here we propose and experimentally implement two quantum algorithms on a superconducting processor. A key component in both methods is the use of the quantum state space as feature space. The use of a quantum-enhanced feature space that is only efficiently accessible on a quantum computer provides a possible path to quantum advantage. The algorithms solve a problem of supervised learning: the construction of a classifier. One method, the quantum variational classifier, uses a variational quantum circuit( 1,2) to classify the data in away similar to the method of conventional SVMs. The other method, a quantum kernel estimator, estimates the kernel function on the quantum computer and optimizes a classical SVM. The two methods provide tools for exploring the applications of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers(3) to machine learning.

关键词： California Gov. Gavin Newsom   capital punishment   crime   death penalty   general news   legal action   political