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关键词： Chemistry   Computer science   Neuroscience   Zoology  

摘要： Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week’s best science picks.

关键词： Assessment   auto-ethnography   body   science   TECHNOLOGY  

摘要： Social work assessments, and in turn clinical judgment and intervention practices, are increasingly framed by standardised tools and technologies that are digitised. These tools and technologies mediate social workers' relationships with services users, while also privileging, and in turn reiterating, particular identities and particular forms of knowledge. In this article, I am interested in how standardised tools and technologies, like computers, operate to mediate the relationship between social workers and services users. I work with an autoethnographic narrative in order to examine standardised social work practice. Methodologically, autoethnography rests within a reflexive frame of qualitative research, allowing us to excavate our experiences in order to understand how our lives are ordered and knowledge is socially constitutive. In mining this narrative, I am interested in the body, and in particular, the corporeal dimension of standardised practices. I historically locate these practices, and use the work of Michel de Certeau and Michel Foucault to examine how tools and technologies function in relation to the body, even when there is no direct physical, bodily contact. Ultimately I argue that there is a scientific discourse underpinning current clinical practice and I use the framings of Donna Haraway to understand the implications of this for social workers.

关键词： Computer science   Linguistics  

摘要： Advances in machine and language translation immerge new fields and research opportunities for researchers, whereas Natural Language Processing and Computational Linguistics deal with communication between natural languages and their interaction. The objective of this research is to develop and test a novel tactic to solve the issue of translation from Roman Urdu to the English language. The approach used to construct this practical model is divided into three stages; each stage works out to achieve its desired task. Self-maintained corpus alongwith its corresponding tag-set is used for tokenization. The syntactical structure is covered by writing Urdu POS tagger based on grammatical rules. We prepared the grammatical structures of different sentences for Roman Urdu to English translation. Since Roman script can be expressed in numerous ways, our grammatical structures fulfill the maximum possible needs of writing and produce the best possible English translation. We entered a sentence in Roman Urdu which gave the best possible translation in the English language. In comparison with Google Translator, Transtech worked better and gives more accurate results.

关键词： DIRECT DEMOCRACY  

摘要： This article considers what happens when the death penalty is put on the ballot. It reviews the history of referenda/initiatives concerning capital punishment from the start of the twentieth century to the present. That history reveals the role that referenda/ initiatives have played in struggles against and within governmental institutions. In addition, we find that abolitionists seldom prevail in those electoral contests. We consider the implications of these findings for the prospects that the death penalty could be ended democratically.

关键词： CO2 capture   Water-lean solvent   Energy use   Aqueous amine   PLATE HEAT-EXCHANGER   CO2-BINDING ORGANIC LIQUIDS   THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY   TRANSFER COEFFICIENT   PRESSURE-DROP   PERFORMANCE   CAPACITY  

摘要： Energy use is a critical parameter for CO2 capture from flue gas. Proponents of water-lean solvents claim that they will provide better energy performance than aqueous amine solvents, but papers on water-lean solvents frequently fail to compare their energy performance to second-generation (2 G) aqueous amine systems. These papers claim that the weakest point of aqueous amine systems is the energy loss associated with boiling and condensing water. However, unlike first generation processes, 2 G scrubbing processes use innovative stripper configurations to minimize the loss of heat as excess water vapor from the top of the stripper. Proponents of water-lean solvents also claim that these solvents reduce sensible heat losses because of the lower specific heat of the organics that replace the water. In 2 G aqueous systems, the sensible energy of heating the solvent is minimized by high efficiency plate-and-frame exchangers where the optimized energy and capital cost is proportional not only to the specific heat of the solvent, but also to the viscosity and the thermal conductivity: CAPEX, OPEX, TC proportional to (m) over dot k(n-1/2)C(p)(1-n/2)mu(m-n/2) Delta T-crx(0.5) proportional to (m) over dot *k(-0.325)C(p)(0.825)mu(0.175) * Delta T-crx(0.5) Because water-lean solvents typically have higher viscosity and lower thermal conductivity, they do not provide significantly better exchanger performance than 2 G aqueous solvents. This paper develops a method to estimate the energy use of 2 G aqueous solvents by summing the minimum work of separation and lost work (irreversibility) of each process unit. This method allows the comparison of energy use for different solvents (aqueous or water-lean) on the same basis without rigorous process simulation. The results demonstrate that a representative water-lean solvent does not provide significantly better energy performance than a representative 2 G aqueous solvent with an advanced stripper configuration.

摘要： The article reports that Washington became the 20th state to overturn or abolish capital punishment when the state supreme court found the death penalty invalid because it is imposed in an arbitrary and racially biased manner.

关键词： Computer science   FUZZY CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS   GENETIC ALGORITHM   NEURAL-NETWORK   DESIGN   REGRESSION   SELECTION   MODEL   CONTROLLERS   STABILITY   DRIVERS  

摘要： Developing a reliable parametric cost model at the conceptual stage of the project is crucial for projects managers and decision makers. Several methodologies exist to develop a conceptual cost model. However, many gaps exist in the current methodologies such as depending only on experts 'opinions and questionnaire survey to identify the project features, key cost drivers and developing deterministic predictive models without taking uncertainty nature into consideration. The main contribution of this study is developing an intelligent methodology for predicting the project cost at the conceptual stage. The proposed methodology can automatically identify key cost drivers and maintain uncertainty to predicted cost. Field canals improvement projects (FCIPs) are used as a case study to validate the proposed methodology. The selected methodology has applied quantitative approaches to identify the key cost drivers. In addition, the methodology has applied a genetic fuzzy model that automatically generates fuzzy rules to automatically predict the conceptual cost. Moreover, the results show a superior performance of the genetic fuzzy model than the traditional fuzzy model. In addition, this study presents a publicly open dataset for FCIPs to be used for future models validation and analysis.

摘要： An editorial is presented which discusses about the field of computer science that has gained recognition rapidly, the increase in jobs due to science, technology, engineering, recognition of computer skills, being the main component for innovation and economic growth. It talks about implementing the computer science opportunities for students in K-12, implementing the standards of state plan and Association for Computing Machinery and Cyber Innovation Center partnering with school districts.

关键词： DEATH-PENALTY  

摘要： [...]the capital articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) will be surveyed to determine whether they survive the Eighth Amendment jurisprudence of the Supreme Court. [...]2019, Article 45 prohibited a defendant from pleading guilty to a capital offense.136 But the article was amended to ban guilty pleas only when "the death penalty is mandatory. The United States Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth is located in Kansas, meaning that federal habeas cases arising there will be litigated under the Tenth Circuit's precedent. Because the Tenth Circuit denies habeas relief for claims that were "fully and fairly considered" by a military court-a standard that will be satisfied even if the military court denied a claim without further explanation-and because claims not presented before the courts are considered waived, military habeas claims may fall into a "Catch-22" that precludes habeas relief for military petitioners. United States v. Mustafa, 22 M.J. 165 (C.M.A. 1986); United States v. Artis, 22 M.J. 15 (C.M.A. 1986); United States v. Redmond, 21 M.J. 319 (C.M.A. 1986); United States v. Matthews, 16 M.J. 354 (C.M.A. 1983); United States v. Rojas, 15 M.J. 902 (N.M.C.M.R. 1983); United States v. Gay, 16 M.J. 586 (A.F.C.M.R. 1982); United States v. Hutchinson, 15 M.J. 1056 (N.M.C.M.R. 1981). [...]1994, the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forced was classified as the Court of Military Appeals.