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摘要： Dagbovie-Mullins describes a children's museum that displayed a confederate soldier as part of a "civil war battleship," in which her black daughter asked to be photographed next to it. Then, a week later, all Civil War markers outside had been taken down and the confederate soldier had been repainted as an African-American generic soldier. Now, instead of pretending to be a confederate, a child could unintentionally don a kind of blackface. Dagbovie-Mullins offers this as an example of our nation's relationship with history--rather than confront our difficult past, Americans paint over or mispaint history with white collective amnesia or nostalgia, refusing to engage with slavery in any meaningful way.

关键词： death penalty   capital punishment   acculturation   Mexico   public opinion   RACIAL-DIFFERENCES   COLLEGE-STUDENTS   RATING-SCALE   AMERICANS-II   ATTITUDES   WHITE   VIEWS   FUNDAMENTALISM   PERCEPTIONS   JAPANESE  

摘要： Few studies have explored how the intersection of vastly different cultures, like those of the United States and Mexico, influences death penalty support. The present study uses the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II to examine whether individuals who are more closely aligned with U.S. culture are more likely to support the death penalty than individuals more closely aligned with Mexican culture. Findings support this conclusion. Findings also reveal that the significance of predictors for death penalty support varies between Mexican- and U.S.-oriented subsamples. Thus, this study reaffirms the importance for researchers to consider cultural context when examining public attitudes toward the death penalty, especially when using samples from a single, multicultural country such as the United States.

关键词： Community college   computer science   transfer   ENROLLMENT   EDUCATION   ACCESS  

摘要： Community colleges play a large role in educating students who are historically underrepresented in computer science (CS), including women, Latino men, and Black men, as well as post-traditional (older or working) students. In spite of this, there is a dearth of research on the institutional factors that influence whether or not community college students who are enrolled in CS classes and who express an interest in transferring and completing a bachelor's degree in the field persist. The overused "pipeline" metaphor, which indicates a supply-side lack, has been replaced by many with that of a "pathway." However, the "pathway" image suggests a general forward-moving trend that can be misleading. In this work, we draw from qualitative interviews with 14 CS students from groups traditionally underrepresented in the field who have studied introductory computer programming at a community college to investigate the following question: "What are the institutional barriers along a CS bachelor's degree track that includes community college?" Our findings indicate that there are three categories of institutional barriers along the transfer pathway: setbacks that hinder student progression forward, discontinuities in which students leave and re-enter the pathway, and departures in which students leave computer science and/or leave college altogether. We describe specific examples of each and introduce the idea of student movement as a game of "chutes and ladders," a convoluted trail where students can slide backwards or off the path (chutes), necessitating the implementation of targeted institutional supports that can boost student progress forward (ladders). We suggest institutional interventions that can help students facing each type of barrier to continue on course through community college and transfer to a four-year university.

摘要： The article discusses global data justice and the efforts of the United Nations (UN) to ensure that global databases and analytics, such as India's national population database, are used to benefit and represent marginalized and vulnerable populations while evaluating progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

摘要： In this paper I hope to show that the idea of teaching philosophy through teaching computer science is a project worth pursuing. In the first section I will sketch a variety of ways in which philosophy and computer science might interact. Then I will give a brief rationale for teaching philosophy through teaching computer science. Then I will introduce three philosophical issues (among others) that have pedagogically useful analogues in computer science: (i) external world skepticism, (ii) numerical vs. qualitative identity, and (iii) the existence of God.

关键词： Education   Psychology   Computer science   Cyberbullying   Family   School   Emotions   Adolescents   Peers   MIDDLE-SCHOOL   PREDICTORS   VICTIMIZATION   CYBER   CONSEQUENCES   METAANALYSIS   DELINQUENCY   PREVALENCE   AGGRESSORS   HARASSMENT  

摘要： The paper examines the role of socioeconomic status, family, parenting styles, peer relations and school factors in cyber-bullying with focus on emotional consequences. A survey was conducted with 259 participants (202 female) aged 19-25. 58,1% experienced some form of cyber violence, and 56,8% did not bully others. 21% report regular cyber victimization with distinct emotional disturbance (31,3%), anger (20,8%), helplessness (13,1%) and sorrow (20,5%). Girls talk to others about cyberbullying more often (p<,05). Boys (p<,05) and younger participants cyberbully others more (p<,01). Students with lower academic achievement cyberbully others more than those with average academic success (p<,01). Cyberbullying correlates negatively with traditional protective factors in risk behaviour aetiology (family, school and peer relations). Younger male participants (p<,01), who have less educated mothers (p<,05), lower academic achievement (p<,01) and report lower satisfaction with family life, peer relations and school attainment (p<,01) represent an average cyberbully profile. Age (p<,01) and school success (p<,01) predict cyberbullying for younger and academically less efficient participants. Emotional distress and reactiveness is the strongest predictor of cyber victimization (p<,001), while cyber victimization represents the strongest predictor for cyberbullying perpetration (p<,001). Peer pressure positively predicts cyber victimization (p<,01). Finally, lower family life quality predicts cyber victimization (p<,001), as well as cyberbullying perpetration (p<,05).

关键词： payback   Jewish law   capital punishment   divine justice   Mishnah   Talmud   Midrash  

摘要： In Anger and Forgiveness, Martha Nussbaum argues against the claim that the suffering of the wrongdoer restores, or partially restores, what was damaged by the wrongdoing. Making this mental mistake sets a person on the road of payback, and following this path is normatively problematic. What contribution can the canonical writings of Judaism, the Talmud and Midrash, make to the case against payback, when these writings reflect the view that a single deity establishes a divine justice in the world, such that ultimately the good are rewarded and the bad punished? This article argues, in light of recent research into rabbinic law and judicial process, as well as rabbinic theology of divine justice, that several components of these sources can help to meet the challenge. The texts recommend particular subjective states in the context of the human judiciary procedure and in consideration of divine justice, which do not intend the suffering of the wrongdoer. Rabbis seek authority, control over uncertainty, and a correct judicial procedure in their legal processes. Regarding the human relationship to the deity, rabbis both prescribe reverence and protest questionable divine acts based on their own ethical standards.

关键词： capital punishment   corruption   government   island   rule of law   shadow economy   SHADOW ECONOMY   CORRUPTION   DETERMINANTS  

摘要： This paper examines whether capital punishment, either directly or via a spillover effect, has a deterrent effect on white collar crimes. Using data on nearly 150 nations and various dimensions of capital punishment, including capital punishment for non-violent crimes, we consider two widely prevalent white-collar crimes-corruption and the shadow economy. Nesting the empirical analysis in the broader literature on determinants of corruption and the shadow economy, we find that capital punishment in general reduced both corruption and the shadow economy, and the deterrent effect on the shadow economy was relatively more prevalent. Adding some empirical insights to the theoretical arguments surrounding the desirability of maximal punishments, results show some trade-off between the quantity and quality of punishment.

关键词： Computer science   Education   Cyber attack   Computer fraud   Computer security training   Information security   Phishing   Security awareness training   Cyber security   Information security  

摘要： Phishing is a primary vector used in cyber-attacks, and current technical measures are not sufficient to reduce their success to an acceptable level. Empowering users to identify phishing emails is crucial; thus, anti-phishing training is essential. We investigate participant phishing susceptibility in a 2 x 2 mixed factorial design to determine if instructor-led classroom training, in addition to a multiple approach video-, game-, and text-based training package, offers a significant difference in susceptibility reduction compared with the absence of classroom training. The results suggest an insignificant improvement in reducing phishing susceptibility by incorporating classroom training. Furthermore, we observe a significant preference from the participants for one training method (i.e., classroom training) only if a decision for one particular method was required.

关键词： Manganese   Finite element analysis   Computer science   Presses   Syntactics   Standards  

摘要： Nilpotent semigroups in the sense of Mal'cev are defined by semigroup identities. Finite nilpotent semigroups constitute a pseudovariety, MN, which has finite rank. The semigroup identities that define nilpotent semigroups lead us to define strongly Mal'cev nilpotent semigroups. Finite strongly Mal'cev nilpotent semigroups constitute a non-finite rank pseudovariety, SMN. The pseudovariety SMN is strictly contained in the pseudovariety MN, but all finite nilpotent groups are in SMN. We show that the pseudovariety MN is the intersection of the pseudovariety BGnil with a pseudovariety defined by a kappa-identity. We further compare the pseudovarieties MN and SMN with the Mal'cev product J(m) G(nill).