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摘要： IntroductionThere are over one million hospitalizations per year in the United States (US) for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Unfortunately, there is often a delay in initiating guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) and other interventions resulting in prolonged length of stay, increased readmission rate, and higher mortality. To date, no formal program has been established on education to streamline heart failure GDMT for US providers. Our center implemented Acute Heart Failure Advanced Life Support (AHFALS), a novel international educational training course to address this deficit. AHFALS, developed by Sociedade de Cardiologia do Estado de San Paulo, has been successfully implemented throughout Brazil and Portugal. This four hour course provides a standardized, algorithmic approach integrating current GDMT for management of ADHF utilizing interactive patient simulation with manikins similar to Advanced Cardiac Life (ACLS). The course teaches appropriate management across the continuum of care; from the emergency department to inpatient care with transition to outpatient care. HypothesisCourse participants will have improved knowledge of ADHF management, improvement in post-test course scores compared with pre-test course scores, and a high level of participant satisfaction upon course completion. MethodsParticipants received course materials via email and completed a pre-test online. Upon completion of a half-day course taught by trained instructors, the post-test was administered in written form and scored. A score of 70% or greater was considered passing, resulting in course certification. Participants were given a satisfaction survey, with a follow-up survey 6 months post-course completion. Results115 internal medicine, emergency medicine, hospitalists, cardiology fellows, and advanced practice providers participated in the course and completed the pre/post-test and participant satisfaction survey. There was a statistically significant difference

关键词： Computer science   Economics   Excess return   Random forests   Stock selection   Machine learning   Finance   NEURAL-NETWORKS   MODEL   MACHINE   ANN  

摘要： In recent years, a variety of research fields, including finance, have begun to place great emphasis on machine learning techniques because they exhibit broad abilities to simulate more complicated problems. In contrast to the traditional linear regression scheme that is usually used to describe the relationship between the stock forward return and company characteristics, the field of finance has experienced the rapid development of tree-based algorithms and neural network paradigms when illustrating complex stock dynamics. These nonlinear methods have proved to be effective in predicting stock prices and selecting stocks that can outperform the general market. This article implements and evaluates the robustness of the random forest (RF) model in the context of the stock selection strategy. The model is trained for stocks in the Chinese stock market, and two types of feature spaces, fundamental/technical feature space and pure momentum feature space, are adopted to forecast the price trend in the long run and the short run, respectively. It is evidenced that both feature paradigms have led to remarkable excess returns during the past five out-of-sample period years, with the Sharpe ratios calculated to be 2.75 and 5 for the portfolio net value of the multi-factor space strategy and momentum space strategy, respectively. Although the excess return has weakened in recent years with respect to the multi-factor strategy, our findings point to a less efficient market that is far from equilibrium.

关键词： Death penalty   Capital punishment   Impact of research   Policy implications  

摘要： At the request of the SCJA president this paper addresses five questions. Does criminological research make a difference relative to the death penalty? - If criminological research does make a difference, what is the nature of that difference? - What specific instances can one cite of research findings influencing death penalty policy decisions? Why hasn't our research made more of a difference? What can we do, either in terms of directing our research or in terms of disseminating it, to facilitate it making a difference? Specific examples of research directly impacting policy are examined. The evidence presented suggests that research on capital punishment has had some impact on policy, but not nearly enough. There is still a high level of ignorance that has limited the impact of criminological research on death penalty policy. The proposed solution is to improve the education of the general public and decision makers in order to increase the impact of criminological research on capital punishment policy.

关键词： Computer science   Cardiology   Emergency medicine   Health profession   Augmented reality   Cardiac arrest   Cardiopulmonary resuscitation   Simulation   AUDIOVISUAL FEEDBACK   VIRTUAL-REALITY   CARDIAC-ARREST   CPR FEEDBACK   SIMULATION   RETENTION   QUALITY   DEVICE   RATES  

摘要： Aim of the study: Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to offer a novel approach to CPR training that supplements conventional training methods with gamification and a more interactive learning experience. This is done through computer-generated imagery superimposed on users' view of the real environment to simulate interactive training scenarios. We sought to test the feasibility of an AR CPR training system (CPReality) for health care providers (HCPs). Methods: In this feasibility trial, a CPR training manikin was integrated with a commercial AR device (Microsoft HoloLens) to provide participants with real-time audio-visual feedback via a holographic overlay of blood flow to vital organs dependent on CC quality. In this system, higher quality CC visually improved virtual blood circulation. HCPs performed a 2-minute cycle of hands-only CPR using only the AR system, and CC parameters were recorded. Descriptive data on participants' demographics, CC quality, and satisfaction with the training environment were reported using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results: Between 10/2018-11/2018, we enrolled a convenience sample of 51 HCPs. The median age of participants was 31 years (IQR 27-41), 71% (36/51) were female, and 67% (34/51) were registered nurses. CC rates (mean 126 +/- 12.9 cpm), depths (median 53 mm, IQR 46-58), and percent with complete recoil (median 80%, IQR 12-100) were consistent with guideline recommendations for good quality CPR. Participants were predominantly satisfied with the system, with 82% perceiving the experience as realistic, 98% recognizing the visualizations as helpful for training, and 94% willing to use the application in future CPR training. Conclusions: As AR is increasingly applied in the healthcare setting, integration in CPR training offers a novel and promising educational approach. In this convenience sample of trained HCPs, high quality CC delivery was feasible using the AR CPR training system which was received favorabl

关键词： Computer science   History   Toxicology  

摘要： HowNaturereported a toxicological study of alcohol in 1919, and the potential benefits of computer graphics for medical geography in 1969.

关键词： Applied mathematics   Computer science   Mathematical analysis   Topology   Computer-assisted design   Computational modeling   3-Dimensional reconstruction   Morphology   Model-rebuilding  

摘要： In this work, a rasterized mesh construction of our 3D solid-state model is generated to achieve an improved rasterization of a rigid-body surface using a series of polygonal model transfers. In the field of remodeling, auxiliary starters have been obtained from either ready-made or fabricated input point datasets. Building 3D solid meshes from clusters of inbound points to model objects is made possible by our method. Demonstrative illustrations of how the initial series of points can be transferred to mesh models by passing through the boundary conditions are presented using a customized method. A handmade weaving technique combines each different cluster of points, yielding a relevant transformation result. Additionally, newer remodeling methods involve more than the adaptation of boundary values to generate solid surfaces via finite restructuring of geometrical building blocks; our remodeling methods have been optimized in terms of both realism and computational costs. Our reconstructions are highly optimized to achieve high-quality and realistic results within a reasonable time. In higher-order creative restorations, our boundary conditions are regularized by quadratic equalizer functions. Areal-based regularizations are combined within mixed boundary values over 3D multigrids of finite differential combinations. Newly created solid models are reshaped by exclusive reconstructions to form our final models. Equally distributed multidimensional grids are seamlessly rebuilt via an ideal model-driven process with our tri-variational remodeling method that is constrained by a mixture of boundary conditions. Here, our remodeling method continuously triangulates the discrete topological structures as solid models. The final model shapes are triangulated as a consequence of postpolygonization by our unique reconstructors. An exact solution can be obtained via a convex hulling process on the preliminary finite fields by means of high-resolution configurations. Our 3D re

关键词： South Sudan   civil war   humanitarian aid   conflict resolution   pastoralists   CUSTOMARY LAW   VIOLENCE   NUER  

摘要： What began in 2013 as the eruption of a political struggle between forces loyal to President Salva Kiir, a member of the Dinka ethnic group, and then-vice president Riek Machar, a Nuer, has splintered into a multifaction conflict. A dizzying array of armed groups have entered the fray, many unmotivated by political leverage that conventionally brings parties to a conflict to the negotiating table. Two years and tens of thousands of deaths after the 2015 signing of the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, with no substantive progress toward meetings its terms, it is unrealistic to think that Intergovernmental Authority on Development's recently announced High-Level Revitalization Forum will be sufficient to address the drivers of this conflict. Current policy proposals are poorly designed to address escalating intercommunal conflict and cattle raiding, both devastating forms of violence. As measures at the international level continue to be pursued, the conflict resolution strategy should also include a more comprehensive approach incorporating local actors in order to build momentum toward long-term stability. In this article, we highlight gaps in the current dialogue around a political solution in South Sudan, as well as domains that must be part of the next push for peace. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:663-671)

关键词： Computer simulation models   Methodology of computer simulating   Epistemology of computer simulations   Educational use of computer simulations   Nature of science   Scientific perspectivism   Model-based reasoning   TEACHERS   MODELS   VIEWS   AFFORDANCES   TECHNOLOGY   KNOWLEDGE   PHYSICS  

摘要： While computer simulations are a key element in understanding and doing science today, their nature and implications for science education have not been adequately explored in the relevant literature. In this article, (1) we provide an analysis of the methodology and epistemology of computer simulations, aiming to contribute to a sound and comprehensive account of the nature of computer simulations in science education, and (2) examine certain implications for science education, particularly in terms of contemporary educational goals relating to scientific literacy. We describe methodological elements relating to processes, techniques, and skills required for the construction and evaluation of scientific simulations, and we discuss epistemological views of their reliability and epistemic status based on the relevant philosophical views. We then examine implications of these elements for the use of simulations and especially for supporting scientific practices in the classroom and the corresponding educational goals. Concretely, we compare educational simulations with those used in scientific research and with laboratory experiments, we discuss the question of the reliability of simulations used in teaching or in public information, and we give examples of their use for supporting NOS understanding and reasoning abilities. Finally, in the context of the philosophical discourse about scientific realism, we examine implications of the epistemology of models that concern the conception of the relation between scientific claims and the real world, which constitutes a fundamental epistemological basis for teaching the nature of science.

关键词： Computer science   Appliance-time association   Smart meter   Internet of things (IoT)  

摘要： Demand Response (DR) programs play a significant role for developing energy management solutions. Gaining home residents trust and respecting their appliances usage preferences are essential factors for promoting these programs. Extracting resident's usage behaviour is a challenging task with the infinite massive amount of data being generated from smart meters. The main contribution of this paper is to extract temporal association patterns of energy consumption at appliance level. The proposed approach extends the Utility-oriented Temporal Association Rules Mining (UTARM) algorithm to discover appliances usage preference at a time. The results achieved from the proposed work succeeded to discover appliance-time association considering appliances usage priority as a utility factor with respect to the 24-hours of the day as a temporal partitioning factor.

关键词： Computational artifacts   Ontology of programs   Semantics of programming languages   Correctness of programs   Philosophy of design  

摘要： The reviewers Rapaport (2019), Stephanou (2019), Angius (2019), Primiero (2019a), and Bringsjord (2019) of Turner (2018) cover a broad range of topics in the philosophy of computer science. They either challenge the positions outlined in Turner (2018) or offer a more refined analysis. This article is a response to their challenges.