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关键词： CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE   MYOCARDIAL-PERFUSION SPECT   EJECTION FRACTION RESERVE   FLOW RESERVE   ATTENUATION CORRECTION   BLOOD-FLOW   IMPROVED ACCURACY   PROGNOSTIC VALUE   RISK   QUANTIFICATION  

摘要： Nuclear cardiology has unique advantages compared to other modalities, since the image analysis is already much more automated compared to what is currently clinically performed for CT, MR, or echocardiography imaging. The diverse image and clinical data available to assess coronary disease function, perfusion, flow, and associated CT data provide new opportunities, but logistically these additional assessments increase the overall complexity of SPECT/PET reporting, necessitating additional expertise and time. The advances in artificial intelligence software can be leveraged to obtain comprehensive risk predictions and diagnoses from all available data. They will allow nuclear cardiology to retain competitive edge compared to other modalities and improve its overall clinical utility. These tools will enhance diagnosis and risk prediction beyond what is possible by subjective visual analysis and mental integration of data by physicians.

关键词： Computer science   Ethics   Society   Technology  

摘要： Stuart Russell’s latest book examines how artificial intelligence could spin out of control. David Leslie critiques it.

ISBN: (纸本)9781728152929

关键词： Biophysics   Computer science   Culture   Philosophy  

摘要： Mary Craig reviews the highlights of this season’s releases.

关键词： Computer science   Biomedical engineering   Sleep apnea   Pulse oximetry   Heart rate   Automatic sleep staging   RATE-VARIABILITY   APPROXIMATE ENTROPY   APNEA   TIME   COMPLEXITY   SYSTEM   IMPACT  

摘要： The most important index of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the apnea/hyponea index (AHI). The AHI is the number of apnea/hypopnea events per hour of sleep. Algorithms for the screening of OSAHS from pulse oximetry estimate an approximation to AHI counting the desaturation events without consider the sleep stage of the patient. This paper presents an automatic system to determine if a patient is awake or asleep using heart rate (HR) signals provided by pulse oximetry. In this study, 70 features are estimated using entropy and complexity measures, frequency domain and time-scale domain methods, and classical statistics. The dimension of feature space is reduced from 70 to 40 using three different schemes based on forward feature selection with support vector machine and feature importance with random forest. The algorithms were designed, trained and tested with 5000 patients from the Sleep Heart Health Study database. In the test stage, 10-fold cross validation method was applied obtaining performances up to 85.2% accuracy, 88.3% specificity, 79.0% sensitivity, 67.0% positive predictive value, and 91.3% negative predictive value. The results are encouraging, showing the possibility of using HR signals obtained from the same oximeter to determine the sleep stage of the patient, and thus potentially improving the estimation of AHI based on only pulse oximetry.

关键词： Medical abstracts   Google translator   Translation errors   Lexical density   Linguistics   Computer science  

摘要： The aim of the present paper was to quantitatively assess the performance of a free online translator in translating medical texts from English into Italian. Effectiveness was evaluated and established by analyzing the number and percent of translation errors with respect to the original medical abstracts. Furthermore, the present study analyzed the total number and the percent of translation errors and their correlation with lexical density, which was assessed using Text analyzer. The mean number of total translation errors was 21. The mean percentage of total translation errors was 15%. The mean lexical density was 66.7%. A direct correlation was found between total translation errors and the lexical density. The findings of the present study indicate a fairly good performance of Google translator in translating words in highly academic writings such as medical abstracts. However, an effective translation is not a matter only of finding a correspondence between words in the source language and the target language, many other aspects are just as important.

关键词： Structural racism   Racist stereotypes   Rape culture   Acquaintance rape   Victim culpability attributions   Norm theory   Context effects   Intersectionality   Feminist moral philosophy   SEXUAL ASSAULT   SOCIAL REACTIONS   SELF-BLAME   RACE   PERCEPTIONS   DISCLOSURE   ADJUSTMENT   PREJUDICE   CONTEXT   REVICTIMIZATION  

摘要： Rape culture is characterized by prevalent rape of women by male acquaintances, which is exacerbated in the aftermath by negative social responses including attributions of victim culpability. In prior research, collaborators and I found that, consistent with norm theory, perceiving sociolegal context as unclear and ineffective in expressing that rape of women is a crime (vs. perceiving that law clearly and effectively expresses that rape is a crime) paradoxically intensified negative reactions and culpability attributions toward a woman raped by a male acquaintance. In the current research, I tested the hypothesis that, amidst rape culture, structural racism-in particular, disparate hypersexuality stereotyping of Black men-paradoxically would intensify attributions of victim culpability toward a woman raped by a Black male acquaintance. In Study 1, 268 students at a university in the Southern United States stereotyped Black men and Black women as more hypersexual than same-gender counterparts of other races/ethnicities. In Study 2, 238 students from the same university attributed more culpability to an acquaintance rape victim whose perpetrator was Black (vs. perpetrators of other races/ethnicities), and this effect resulted in part from rape-propensity stereotyping that was disparately activated by the Black perpetrator. Taken together, the present research highlights that intersectional dynamics do not work exclusively within members of particular groups, where marginalized identities coincide, but also in the contextual space that invisibly but undeniably affects people's lives. Suggestions for combatting rape culture, structural racism, and their intersections are discussed.

关键词： adaptive behavior   adaptive functioning   american psychiatric association   capital punishment   cultural sensitivity   defendants   developmental disabilities   diagnosis   diagnostic and statistical manual   ethics   guidelines   immigrants   intellectual disability   intelligence tests   judgment   linguistics   medical records   mental disorders   poverty   psychologists   self-report   united states supreme court  

摘要： Objective The US Supreme Court ruled against the application of the death penalty to individuals with intellectual disability (ID) (Atkins v. Virginia, 2002). Diagnostic criteria for ID require subnormal adaptive functioning (AF) in addition to IQ test scores (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) (2010, 2012) and APA (2013) recommend using culturally sensitive approaches. Assessing AF in immigrants is a challenge because their cultural backgrounds are different than those of the standardization samples of United States AF measures. When typical AF measures are not appropriate, AAIDD (2010) offers guidelines about appropriate sources such as school, work, and medical records, prior psychosocial evaluations, and qualitative adaptive behavior interviews with multiple informants. However, defendants facing the death penalty are often raised in impoverished areas with a paucity of pertinent documentation. This study identifies and discusses issues related to the use of self-report, selection of respondents, questions, collateral information, and clinical judgment in AF evaluations of immigrants facing the death penalty. Case Description We present a case study of an AF evaluation of a Mexican national seeking ID exemption from capital punishment. Discussion We offer a framework for developing and judging the quality of an AF evaluation that adheres to the (AAIDD) (2010, 2012) and APA (2013) guidelines, and includes 1) strengths and limitations of adaptive functioning in relation to others of his age group and culture; 2) reliable evidence concerning the individual's history in specific periods of time; 3) an account of the individual's cultural and linguistic differences; and 4) an account for potential bias on the respondents' side. References Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002). American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. fifth ed.