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关键词： 计算机   食品   慕课   教学  

摘要： 本文探讨了计算机在食品中的应用状况,汇总了《计算机在食品中的应用》课程教材、大纲、授课方式、学生、教师等方面的问题,并提出了出版相关教材、合理编制教学大纲、积极与学生交流、努力提升教师自身素质等方面的建议和对策。

关键词： 计算机在材料学中的应用   说课   教学研究  

摘要： 说课是面向专家和同行叙述课程教学设计过程并交流切磋的一种有效教学活动,说课有利于提高教师教学水平和教学效果。《计算机在材料学中的应用》是材料科学与工程、高分子材料科学与工程和材料化学专业的必修专业基础课程之一,本文按说课要求着重从课程性质与定位、教学目标、内容设计、学情分析、教学方法与手段、教学评价与考核方式和教学反馈与效果几个方面进行叙述与探讨,旨在与同行交流并提高教学效果。

关键词： Pedagogy   CS for All   equity   engagement  

摘要： The Computer Science (CS) for All movement has taken hold of the United States and CS education is rapidly expanding across nations throughout the world. Yet, as curricula and professional development opportunities are developed, key questions remain about what "works" for engaging youth in CS education, especially those who are historically underrepresented in the field (including young women, students of color, low-income students). In response, this study answers the questions: What teaching practices do students-who are historically underrepresented in CS-believe are most effective for engaging their interest in CS learning? What pedagogical actions do CS teachers identify as most effective for engaging students? And what do these engaging teaching practices look like in the classroom? Through a qualitative study following three different urban high school Exploring Computer Science classrooms over an entire school year (n = 70 students, 3 teachers; >105h of observation data; >50 interviews with students and teachers), key pedagogical practices that had greatest impact on youth's interest and engagement with CS included: (1) demystifying CS by showing its connections to everyday life; (2) addressing social issues impacting both CS and students' communities; and (3) valuing students' voices and perspectives. This article shares testimonies from students and teachers, as well as examples of these teaching practices in the classroom.

关键词： netizens' opinions on capital punishment   Lin Senhao case   diversity of public opinion   rationales for capital punishment   netizens' interactions   DEATH-PENALTY   PUBLIC-OPINION   SUPPORT  

摘要： Empirical studies of Chinese public opinion on capital punishment are very rare. Almost all past studies suffered from questionable survey designs and/or nonrepresentative/nonrandom sampling (e.g., student samples). In this study, to examine the breadth and the depth of public opinion on capital punishment, we turn to Chinese netizens' opinions online on a particular capital case, the Lin Senhao poisoning case. Though our netizen sample has its own limitations, it is innovative and encompasses a broader group of representations than in past studies. Specifically, we address three questions: the diversity of netizens' opinions, the rationales for netizens' support for Lin's death sentence, and netizens' interactions. This study is the first to examine Chinese netizens' opinions in a capital case in detail and to uncover potential complexities and nuances of such opinions.

关键词： Image annotation   Semisupervised learning   Semantics   Computational modeling   Task analysis   Training   Computer science   Multi-label image annotation   hypergraph learning   semi-supervised learning   feature projection   CLASSIFICATION   RECOGNITION   MODEL  

摘要： Multilabel image annotation attracts a lot of research interest due to its practicability in multimedia and computer vision fields, while the need for a large amount of labeled training data to achieve promising performance makes it a challenging task. Fortunately, unlabeled and relevant data are widely available and these data can be used to serve the annotation task. To this end, we propose a novel adaptive hypergraph learning (AHL) method for multilabel image annotation in a semisupervised way, in which both the limited labeled data and abundant unlabeled data are utilized to facilitate the annotation performance. In detail, we seek a multilabel propagation scheme by learning a hypergraph which is used to preserve the local geometric structures of data in a high-order manner. Meanwhile, a feature projection is integrated into AHL to obtain a latent feature space where unlabeled instances can be effectively and robustly assigned with multiple labels. Experiments on six widely used image datasets are conducted to evaluate our model and the results demonstrate that the proposed AHL outperforms other state-of-the-art semisupervised methods.

关键词： Attention   brain computer interaction   computer science education   concentration   programming problem solving   SUSTAINED ATTENTION   COGNITIVE LOAD   PERFORMANCE   MECHANISM   SYSTEM   TIME  

摘要： This work offers an outline of how brain computer interactions can interconnect with education, specifically with regard to the cognitive and emotional processes occurring during difficult learning. We believe that understanding how to optimize the learner's attention and workload in learning tasks can improve the efficacy of educational processes, especially in tasks involving highly cognitive activities, such as programming problem solving. The main objective of this study was to examine several brain parameters (attention, concentration and the energy of several brain waves) in a programming orientated task, as well as their variability during tasks of varying complexity. We consider that this work presents very promising future developments, including the possibility of incorporating this technology into a customised automatic system adapted to the student's cognitive and emotional state.

关键词： Informal CS learning environments   near-peer mentors   block-based programming   HIGH-SCHOOL   CAREER   CHOICE  

摘要： Our work is situated in research on Computer Science (CS) learning in informal learning environments and literature on the factors that influence girls to enter CS. In this article, we outline design choices around the creation of a summer programming camp for middle school youth. In addition, we describe a near-peer mentoring model we used that was influenced by Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The purpose of this article, apart from promoting transparency of program design, was to evaluate the effectiveness of our camp design in terms of increasing youths' interest, self-efficacy beliefs, and perceptions of parental support. We found significant gains for all three of these concepts. Additionally, we make connections between our design choices (e.g., videos, peer support, mentor support) and the affective gains by thematically analyzing interview data concerning the outcomes found in our camps.

关键词： HPA axis*   depression*   hair cortisol*   life stress*  

摘要： Background: Stress is consistently implicated in depression. Using a vulnerability-stress framework, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be one factor affecting the stress-depression association. However, the interactive influence of recent life stress and HPA axis functioning on depressive symptoms remains unclear. It is particularly important to understand the synergistic association during adolescence, as this is a developmental period associated with a high risk for depression.◆Methods: A community sample of 58 adolescents (67% female, 59% Caucasian; mean age, 15.07 years) participated. Adolescents completed a well-validated measure of depressive symptoms and a structured life events interview to assess recent life stress. Hair cortisol concentration was obtained to measure cumulative exposure to HPA axis functioning.◆Results: Recent life stress and cumulative HPA axis exposure measured through hair cortisol were directly associated with higher depressive symptoms. Further, cumulative HPA axis exposure moderated the relationship between recent life stress and depressive symptoms. The recent life stress-depression association occurred for adolescents who experienced average and high, but not low, levels of cumulative HPA axis exposure.◆Conclusions: The current study builds on prior work and finds both a direct and interactive association of recent life stress and cumulative HPA axis functioning with depressive symptoms during adolescence. Identifying youth who experience high levels of HPA axis exposure is important to prevent the onset of depression.◆ (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

关键词： CS-unplugged   Design patterns   Pre-service teachers   Computer science education  

摘要： Computer Science Unplugged (CS-Unplugged) has been evolving in computer science education. It is a promising approach especially for introductory programming skills and computer science concepts. The skills of the computer science instructors/teachers, who convert the approach into practice, can be crucial during the preparation of CS-Unplugged activities. In this study, CS-Unplugged activity creation skills of pre-service computer teachers were examined. The participants prepared CS-Unplugged activities for selected topics considering the target learners they selected. The prepared activities were subjected to content analysis. According to the results, it was found that participants were significantly incompetent to design CS-Unplugged activities. They failed to define necessary rationales and resulting context for the activities clearly. Although the activities generally do not include story or game structures, participants expressed that those types of structures could improve their activities in terms of student motivation and retention. On the other hand, different kinds of physical objects were integrated into the activities with necessary links to programming concepts and those activities were found easy to implement. Activity duration was found the most significant force in front of designing activity and grade level and age are the only variables that participants consider to define the context.

关键词： World War II   Lost Generation   Commemoration   Reception   Post-war  

摘要： Although the First World War did not fundamentally alter the British population, casualty figures were sufficiently large to engender post-war ideas about a lost generation. Closely linked to this popular myth was the commemorative ritual of Armistice Day. Using radio broadcasts, newsreels, Mass Observation reports and newspapers, this article provides a detailed examination of the language surrounding Armistice Day during the Second World War, revealing how it was used not only to frame loss but also to understand and explain the renewal of international conflict at a time when it is frequently assumed that commemoration ground to a halt.