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关键词： 无导线起搏   超声能量介导   生物起搏   基因工程  

摘要： 心脏起搏器技术自1958年间世以来,已应用于缓慢心律失常、心源性猝死的预防及心脏再同步治疗的患者,取得可观成效。起搏器经历了从初期的大型到后来的小型化,然而微创和降低并发症是起搏器更新换代的驱动力,起搏器本身产生的并发症如导线折断、脱位及绝缘层破裂、导线与脉冲发生器连接问题及静脉血栓形成等,使得无导线心脏起搏技术得以长足发展。

关键词： 免疫学   综合治疗   金股   健康   肿瘤治疗   细胞生物学   基因工程   细胞免疫  

摘要： 随着细胞生物学,免疫学,基因工程等技术的快速发展,细胞免疫治疗作为一种安全而有效的治疗手段,在肿瘤综合治疗中的作用越来越突出,已逐步发展为继手术、化疗和放疗之后的第四大治疗方法。该领域广阔的市场前景早就吸引上市公司“烧钱”布局,有研究员分析认为,免疫治疗产品将成为肿瘤治疗领域的下一个金矿,有望带来250亿美元（约合人民币1570亿元）以上的市场机遇。值得一提的是,包括默克、百时美施贵宝、

关键词： 成体干细胞   万用   自我复制能力   发育阶段   潜在功能   胚胎干细胞   全能干细胞   专能干细胞  

摘要： 干细胞是一类具有自我复制能力的多潜能细胞。在一定条件下，它可以分化成多种功能细胞。根据干细胞所处的发育阶段分为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。根据干细胞的发育潜能分为三类：全能干细胞、多能干细胞和单能干细胞（专能干细胞）。干细胞是一种未充分分化，尚不成熟的细胞，具有再生各种组织器官和人体的潜在功能．医学界称为“万用细胞”．

关键词： 活性氧   抗氧化酶   基因工程   环境胁迫  

摘要： 文章综述了植物体内抗氧化酶系统中几种酶的生化性质以及该抗氧化酶系统面对外界胁迫时的响应特征。指出抗氧化酶研究对植物育种、种植、性能改良、病虫害评估乃至环境污染评价均具有重大意义。总结了当前相关研究领域的主要成果,并展望了未来的研究方向,为植物管理及科学研究提供了有益的参考。

关键词： 柑橘   低温诱导基因   抗寒基因   基因表达调控   基因工程  

摘要： 柑橘是我国南方重要经济树种,而低温是影响柑橘产量和分布的重要制约因素。基因差异表达分析技术是寻找植物抗寒基因的重要技术手段,而基因工程是获得植物抗寒品种的重要方法。本文综述了利用基因差异表达分析技术获得柑橘抗寒基因的方法,重点介绍了近年来在柑橘中已被分离鉴定的抗寒相关基因,分析了这些基因的抗寒功能及抗寒调控分子机制,并探讨了通过基因工程转化寒敏感柑橘的研究进展。

关键词： 小鼠胚胎干细胞   苏州大学   干细胞库   突变   英国剑桥大学   亚太地区   研究所   资源库  

摘要： 据2015年6月7日《光明日报》报道，由英国剑桥大学威康信托桑格研究所赠送的41万株突变小鼠胚胎干细胞，成功落户苏州大学剑桥一苏大基因组资源中心，该中心由此成为亚太地区仅有的突变小鼠胚胎干细胞资源库。突变小鼠胚胎干细胞由桑格研究所领导的欧美联盟共同研发，全球仅有4份，除落户苏州大学的I份外，其余3份已分别分别在英国、德国和美国落户。

关键词： 竞争性等位基因特异的TaqMan聚合酶链反应   肠镜活组织检查标本   KRAS   G12D  

摘要： 目的对比分析竞争性等位基因特异的TaqMan聚合酶链反应(castPCR)法和DNA直接测序法检测肠镜活组织检查标本KRAS G12D突变的差异。方法应用活组织检查钳收集肠镜下结直肠腺瘤和结直肠癌组织,抽提组织DNA,分别采用castPCR法和DNA直接测序法获得KRAS G12D的突变情况。结果腺瘤组和腺癌组castPCR法检测的KRAS G12D突变率均显著高于同组DNA直接测序法(P值均<0.05),两组间castPCR法和DNA直接测序法检测的KRAS G12D突变率的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。腺瘤组两种检测方法的突变型符合率为55.6%,野生型符合率为100.0%,阴性符合率为100.0%,总体符合率为87.5%,一致性检验Kappa值为0.643 5;腺癌组两种检测方法的突变型符合率为50.0%,野生型符合率为100.0%,阴性符合率为100.0%,总体符合率为85.0%,一致性检验Kappa值为0.583 3。提示两种方法检测阴性的一致性程度均较高,但检测阳性的一致性程度一般。Mutation Detector分析结果显示,castPCR法能够检测出突变量<1%的突变,灵敏度高达0.1%。检测突变量分析结果显示,当KRAS G12D突变量≥4%时,castPCR法和DNA直接测序法检测KRAS G12D均为阳性;当突变量<4%时,仅castPCR法能够检测出KRAS G12D为阳性。提示castPCR法能够检测出DNA直接测序法检测不出的KRAS G12D突变,较DNA直接测序法效率高。结论 castPCR法能够高效地检测肠镜活组织检查标本中低突变量的KRAS G12D,其临床实用价值较DNA直接测序法高。

关键词： EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION   GENE-EXPRESSION VARIATION   MULTILEVEL MODELS   BIOCONDUCTOR PACKAGE   REGULATORY VARIATION   PATTERNS   DIVERSITY   TISSUE   STRATIFICATION   EPIGENETICS  

摘要： Identifying sources of variation in DNA methylation levels is important for understanding gene regulation. Recently, bisulfite sequencing has become a popular tool for investigating DNA methylation levels. However, modeling bisulfite sequencing data is complicated by dramatic variation in coverage across sites and individual samples, and because of the computational challenges of controlling for genetic covariance in count data. To address these challenges, we present a binomial mixed model and an efficient, sampling-based algorithm (MACAU: Mixed model association for count data via data augmentation) for approximate parameter estimation and p-value computation. This framework allows us to simultaneously account for both the over-dispersed, count-based nature of bisulfite sequencing data, as well as genetic relatedness among individuals. Using simulations and two real data sets (whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data from Arabidopsis thaliana and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) data from baboons), we show that our method provides well-calibrated test statistics in the presence of population structure. Further, it improves power to detect differentially methylated sites: in the RRBS data set, MACAU detected 1.6-fold more age-associated CpG sites than a beta-binomial model (the next best approach). Changes in these sites are consistent with known age-related shifts in DNA methylation levels, and are enriched near genes that are differentially expressed with age in the same population. Taken together, our results indicate that MACAU is an efficient, effective tool for analyzing bisulfite sequencing data, with particular salience to analyses of structured populations. MACAU is freely available at ***/***.

关键词： hESCs   CIITA   TALENs   Immune rejection   EXPRESSION   LINES  

摘要： Background: Theoretically human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into all human cell types. Therefore, the greatest promise of hESCs-based therapy is to replace the damaged tissues of patients suffering from traumatic or degenerative diseases by the exact same type of cells derived from hESCs. Allograft immune rejection is one of the obstacles for hESCs-based clinical applications. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II leads to CD4(+) T cells-mediated allograft rejection. Hence, we focus on optimizing hESCs for clinic application through gene modification. Results: Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) were used to target MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) in hESCs efficiently. CIITA(-/-) hESCs did not show any difference in the differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity. Dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CIITA(-/-) hESCs expressed CD83 and CD86 but without the constitutive HLA II. Fibroblasts derived from CIITA(-/-) hESCs were powerless in IFN-gamma inducible expression of HLA II. Conclusion: We generated HLA II defected hESCs via deleting CIITA, a master regulator of constitutive and IFN-gamma inducible expression of HLA II genes. CIITA(-/-) hESCs can differentiate into tissue cells with non-HLA II expression. It's promising that CIITA(-/-) hESCs-derived cells could be used in cell therapy (e.g., T cells and DCs) and escape the attack of receptors' CD4(+) T cells, which are the main effector cells of cellular immunity in allograft.