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关键词： microRNA-410   gestational diabetes mellitus   human embryonic stem cell   pancreatic endoderm   C57BL/KsJ-Lep(db/+) mouse   DE-NOVO LIPOGENESIS   LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE   LEPR(DB/+) MICE   BETA-CELLS   METABOLISM   GLUCOSE   OVEREXPRESSION   EXPRESSION   MICRORNAS   GROWTH  

摘要： Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition commonly encountered during mid to late pregnancy with pathologic manifestations including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and fetal mal-development. The deficit and dysfunction of insulin secreting beta-cells are signature symptoms for GDM. Pancreatic progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were shown to be able to effectively treat diabetes in mice. In this study, we first identified that microRNA-410 (miR-410) directly targets lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a gene selectively repressed in normal insulin secreting beta-cells. hESCs that can be induced to express miR-410 hence keeping LDHA levels in check were then differentiated in vitro into pancreatic endoderm, followed by transplantation into db/+ mouse model of GDM. The transplant greatly improved glucose metabolism and reproductive outcome of the pregnant females suffering from GDM. Our findings describe for the first time the method of combining miRNA with hESCs, providing proof of concept by employing genetically modified stem cell therapy for treating GDM.

关键词： Astragalus radix extract   Differentiation   Embryonic stemcells   Vascular smooth muscle cells   分化   胚胎干细胞   血管平滑肌细胞   黄芪水提取物   Language of Keywords: English   Chinese  

摘要： 目的：研究黄芪水提取物（Astragalus radix extract, ARE）对小鼠胚胎干细胞（Embryonic stem cells, ESCs）来源的血管平滑肌 细胞（Vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMCs）分化的影响。方法：将 ESCs 直接接种到 IV 型胶原包被的培养皿中建立 VSMC 分化模型，向培养液中添加不同剂量 ARE（对照组不添加 ARE，ARE 低剂量组60 g/mL ARE, ARE 高剂量组（120 g/mL ARE），将3 组细胞连续培养14 天。分别应用免疫荧光染色、实时定量 PCR 及 Western Blot 技术检测各组 VSMC 分化标志物表达情况。应用胆碱能受体激动剂卡巴可刺激各组细胞检测收缩反应。应用实时定量 PCR 技术检测调控 VSMC 分化的重要因子的变化。结果：与对照组相比，ARE 处理后 VSMC 分化标志物表达显著增加，且呈剂量依赖性。ARE 处理可提高 VSMCs 的收缩能力。此外，ARE 处理后，转化生长因子（Transforming growth factor ）的表达显著增加。结论：黄芪水提取物可能通过激活 TGF- 促进 ESCs 向 VS MCs 分化。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： prostate   oncology   endocrine therapy resistance   TO-LUMINAL DIFFERENTIATION   MURINE PROSTATE   EPITHELIAL-CELLS   FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION   CONSENSUS REPORT   PROXIMAL REGION   TUMOR-GROWTH   BASAL-CELLS   ORIGIN   CASTRATION  

摘要： The cancer stem cell model proposes that tumors have a hierarchical organization in which tumorigenic cells give rise to non-tumorigenic cells, with only a subset of stem-like cells able to propagate the tumor. In the case of prostate cancer, recent analyses of genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models have provided evidence supporting the existence of cancer stem cells in vivo. These studies suggest that cancer stem cells capable of tumor propagation exist at various stages of tumor progression from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to advanced metastatic and castration-resistant disease. However, studies of stem cells in prostate cancer have been limited by available approaches for evaluating their functional properties in cell culture and transplantation assays. Given the role of the tumor microenvironment and the putative cancer stem cell niche, future studies using GEM models to analyze cancer stem cells in their native tissue microenvironment are likely to be highly informative.

关键词： Fungal peritonitis   Fusarium solani species complex   Kidney transplant recipient   Molecular identification  

摘要： Fungal peritonitis is a rare serious complication most commonly observed in immunocompromised patients under peritoneal dialysis. Nevertheless, this clinical condition is more difficult to treat than bacterial peritonitis. Bacterial peritonitis followed by the use of antibiotics is the main risk factor for developing fungal peritonitis. Candida spp. are more frequently isolated, and the isolation of filamentous fungi is only occasional. Here we describe a case of Fusarium solani species complex peritonitis associated with bacterial peritonitis in a female kidney transplant recipient with previous history of nephrotic syndrome. The patient has had Enterobacter sp. endocarditis and was hypertensive and diabetic. Two sequential isolates of F. solani were recovered from cultures and identified with different molecular techniques. She was successfully treated with 50 mg daily amphotericin B for 4 weeks.

关键词： 技术分析   生活水平   安全性评价   商业化发展   社会经济   定量检测方法   标识制度   酶联免疫吸附法   同位素  

摘要： 随着我国社会经济的快速发展,人民生活水平的日益提高,人们在日常吃好吃饱的同时,越来越关注食品的安全问题,而转基因作物的安全问题一直备受人们的关注,这也是世界各国都关注的问题,因此,世界各国和相关的国际组织都加强了对转基因作物的管理,加强了对转基因作物的安全评价,作为食品检测单位,我们需要通过相关的检测技术来进行转基因作物的安全评价。

关键词： Biogenic amines   High-throughput sequencing   Histamine   Tyramine   Cheese microbiota   Ion PGM sequencing   LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA   BIOGENIC-AMINES   TYRAMINE DEGRADATION   PCR-DETECTION   HISTAMINE   ACCUMULATION   COMMUNITIES   CULTURE   TIME  

摘要： Background: The aim of this study was to employ high-throughput DNA sequencing to assess the incidence of bacteria with biogenic amine (BA; histamine and tyramine) producing potential from among 10 different cheeses varieties. To facilitate this, a diagnostic approach using degenerate PCR primer pairs that were previously designed to amplify segments of the histidine (hdc) and tyrosine (tdc) decarboxylase gene clusters were employed. In contrast to previous studies in which the decarboxylase genes of specific isolates were studied, in this instance amplifications were performed using total metagenomic DNA extracts. Results: Amplicons were initially cloned to facilitate Sanger sequencing of individual gene fragments to ensure that a variety of hdc and tdc genes were present. Once this was established, high throughput DNA sequencing of these amplicons was performed to provide a more in-depth analysis of the histamine-and tyramine-producing bacteria present in the cheeses. High-throughput sequencing resulted in generation of a total of 1,563,764 sequencing reads and revealed that Lactobacillus curvatus, Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were the dominant species with tyramine producing potential, while Lb. buchneri was found to be the dominant species harbouring histaminogenic potential. Commonly used cheese starter bacteria, including Streptococcus thermophilus and Lb. delbreueckii, were also identified as having biogenic amine producing potential in the cheese studied. Molecular analysis of bacterial communities was then further complemented with HPLC quantification of histamine and tyramine in the sampled cheeses. Conclusions: In this study, high-throughput DNA sequencing successfully identified populations capable of amine production in a variety of cheeses. This approach also gave an insight into the broader hdc and tdc complement within the various cheeses. This approach can be used to detect amine producing communities not only in food matrices but also in th

关键词： 转基因作物   认知   评价   态度   意愿   调查  

摘要： 研究大学生这类消费者对转基因作物认知、评价、态度、意愿情况及其相互关系,为有针对性地开展转基因作物科学普及提供依据。通过对434名大学生的调查表明:(1)有90.9%的人知道转基因,但认知程度很低。评价为安全和部分安全的占46.08%;有52.53%的人支持或部分支持推广转基因作物。(2)接受转基因作物产品的意愿较低。对转基因大米食用的意愿是,偶尔吃>天天吃>小孩吃;接受转基因作物产品的意愿是,转基因抗虫棉>增加维生素转基因大米>抗除草剂大豆油>转基因抗虫大米。(3)对转基因的认知程度与安全评价、推广态度和食用意愿有一定关系。在熟悉转基因的学生中,评价食品安全、支持和部分支持推广转基因作物以及愿意食用的比例较大。(4)信息来源影响认知程度、安全评价、推广态度和食用意愿。因此,通过科学普及增加大学生对转基因作物的认知程度,有利于转基因作物的推广;在利用电视、网络传播转基因知识的同时,重视报纸、杂志、教师、专著在提高传播效率上的作用。

关键词： 结核分支杆菌复合群   人兽共患传染病   DNA测序   基因组多样性  

摘要： 1882年首次分离到结核分支杆菌病原体以来,已知结核分支杆菌复合群(MTBC)包括人结核分支杆菌、牛分支杆菌、非洲分支杆菌、田鼠分支杆菌等,是在全球范围内具有重要影响的人兽共患病病原体,但近年对它们的研究还远远不够。MTBC在核苷酸水平约有99.9%的相似度,已有Spoligotyping分型、MIRU-VNTR分型等一系列的分子生物学技术用于基因组DNA指纹图谱研究,其中基于全基因组分析的分型方法最为可靠。随着DNA测序技术的进步,MTBC菌株全基因序列数据不断丰富,基于全基因组分析的分型方法在不断增多。论文对MTBC的基因组分型技术进行总结并提出展望,以便于进一步研究基因组多样性对基因功能和宿主免疫识别等的影响,进而为防控这类病原体提供依据。

关键词： 小反刍兽疫   亚单位疫苗   病毒样颗粒疫苗   基因工程弱毒苗   核酸疫苗  

摘要： 2013年世界动物卫生组织(OIE)和联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)提出小反刍兽疫可能成为继牛瘟之后,被在全球范围内消灭的第2个动物疫病。近年来,广泛使用弱毒疫苗免疫预防小反刍兽疫,但由于缺乏区分免疫抗体和感染抗体的技术手段等,给小反刍兽疫的消灭和根除计划的实施带来一定的困难。因此,新型疫苗以及特异性诊断技术的研究和开发成为研究热点。论文对小反刍兽疫新型疫苗研究中的亚单位疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、基因工程弱毒苗、核酸疫苗的研究进行综述,以期为小反刍兽疫新型疫苗开发和应用提供参考。