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关键词： 类比归纳法   物理化学   教学  

摘要： 物理化学由于课程自身的特点,对教师的教学和学生的学习都具有挑战性。笔者在物理化学教学中尝试采用了类比归纳法,此法使教学内容脉络完整清晰,不仅调动了学生学习积极性,还培养了他们归纳、演绎、类比的逻辑思维能力,受到了学生们的普遍欢迎。文章主要从概念、公式、计算三个方面举例说明类比归纳法的具体应用。

关键词： 美国化学学会   海洋温度   珠母贝   压力传感器   物理化学   海水温度   软体动物   科学家  

摘要： 来自威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校的科学家们表示，珍珠母贝可以作为一种温度计和压力传感器，用来揭示海洋的温度和深度。该研究的主要完成人，威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校的物理化学教授PupaGilbert表示，软体动物的珍珠层沉积与海水温度存在着强烈的相关性。其研究结果发表在最新一期的《美国化学学会会刊》杂志上。

关键词： 实验技能   数据处理   相图   中药  

摘要： 为提高药学专业学生在物理化学实验过程中的能动性,全面提高学生实验技能,从实验的兴趣性方面入手,从实验内容的专业化,实验现象的丰富化,废液的处理,团队协作以及解决实际问题等方面进行了实验项目的改革。改革后的物理化学实验更贴近药学专业,全面提高了学生的主动探索的欲望,使单调的实验变得丰富,更乐于让学生接受。

关键词： 物理化学   教学方法   教学改革  

摘要： 随着药学教育模式的转变,作为专业基础课的物理化学学时数不断被压缩。针对学时少、任务重的现状,从加强课程间内容的衔接、精选教学内容、理论联系实际、教学方法改革等方面对如何在有限的学时内保证物理化学的教学效果进行了探讨。

关键词： 物理化学   教学方法   教学改革  

摘要： 本文从教学内容、教学方法、教学手段等方面阐述如何组织《物理化学》课程的课堂教学,培养学生的学习能动性和实际应用能力。

关键词： 三次采油   表面活性剂   评价方法  

摘要： 立足于三次采油中化学驱油领域的表面活性剂驱油,简述了目前三次采油用表面活性剂的表面(界面)活性、起泡性、乳化性、润湿性等物理化学性质的评价方法及相关测试的基本操作。

关键词： bulging   burgers   cowpea   extender   sensory  

摘要： This study was conducted in search of meat extenders/filler, which would minimize excessive bulging (swelling at the centre) of beef and hamburgers so as to enhance their use in sandwiches. The potential of dehulled cowpea flour was evaluated in beef and hamburgers, to determine its effects on the sensory, physical and chemical characteristics of these products. The Black-eyed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) variety was steam treated at 100°C, dehulled, sundried for 48 hours and ground into flour. Boneless beef and pork (6kg each) were minced and apportioned into four groups of 1.5kg each for the preparation of the burgers. The beef and hamburgers were formulated separately at four levels of cowpea flour inclusions; T1 (control; no cowpea flour), T2 (5%), T3 (7.5%) and T4 (10%) of minced meat, on weight basis. All other ingredients were added in equal amounts to the minced beef and mixed in a mechanical mixer, after which they were moulded manually using a cylindrical tube into uniform shapes and sizes, and stored in a chest freezer for 12 hours to harden, after which they were bagged and stored for analyses. The weights, thicknesses and diameters of the products were taken before, and after cooking to determine the physical changes in them. The crude protein, fat moisture and lipid peroxidation of the products were determined. The burgers were grilled in an oven to a core temperature of 70°C and served to a 15-member taste panel for evaluation. The results indicate that cowpea flour in burgers increases the crude protein content, reduces the crude fat content and has no negative effect on sensory and lipid peroxidation of these products. There were reductions in product bulging and shrinkage with an increase in cowpea flour inclusion. Cowpea flour is recommended for inclusion in beef and hamburgers up to 10% on weight basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： amphiphilic block copolymer   polymeric micelles   correlation equation   PLA-b-mPEG   nano-sized drug carrier   anticancer drugs   DELIVERY SYSTEMS   POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL)   EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE   POLYMERIC MICELLES   TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS   IONOMER COMPLEXES   RELEASE   NANOPARTICLES   PACLITAXEL   STABILITY  

摘要： Biocompatible polymers have been of considerable interest in developing drug delivery systems (DDSs). However, physicochemical characterizations of the polymers and DDSs had been limited because of the difficulty in obtaining the same synthesized copolymers and achieving a similar drug loading ability with the differing properties of the drugs. Therefore, a correlational study of the relationships between copolymers and DDSs was required to estimate the properties of the DDSs and to develop optimal systems of delivery depending on the drug. In this study, we presented several relationship correlation equations of physicochemical properties and copolymers according to their molecular weights (MWs) using amphiphilic block copolymers composed of poly(L-lactide)-block-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-b-mPEG). The PLA-b-mPEG was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography, and the critical micelle concentration (CMC), sizes, and drug loading capacity (DLC) of the self-assembling micelles from the copolymers with different MWs were all measured. The increase in MW of the PLA led to a decrease in CMC and DLC with an increase of the particle sizes. The relationship between the MW of the PLA and the physicochemical properties of the micelles demonstrated a good correlation, which provides excellent information for the use in the development of tailor-made DDSs based on copolymers pursuing optimal particle size, DLC, CMC, and so on.

关键词： Bayer process   Black dust   Industrial waste   Thermal analysis  

摘要： In the aluminum industries, there are several steps involved in processing since the extraction of bauxite to obtain the final product (Al). During the development of these, various steps generated wastes. One of them, from the electrostatic filter of the calcination step of the Bayer process is a very fine black powder, rich in alumina (Al2O3) that does not meet industry specifications, and it is discarded in the industry yard. Alumina is a noble material and has high commercial value. This black powder has great prospects for recovery, recycling, and future applications. Therefore, it is important to perform characterization of tailings and to do that we have used XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, Raman, and thermal analysis.