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关键词： 宏观经济课堂   翻转课堂   应用研究  

摘要： 翻转课堂最早由Baker提出,自此该教学模式正式发展,并且被广泛应用于各个阶段的各类教学中。翻转课堂推动了传统教学理念的正式变革,有效整合了传统教学中的课内外时间,对调了课堂与课外的学习内容,给予学生自主学习的空间和时间,促进学生自主学习能力的养成。宏观经济学课堂是一门重要的课程,该课程理论性较强,涉及的知识点众多,翻转课堂教学模式的应用具有明显的优势。基于此,本文探讨了传统教学中宏观经济学课程存在的教学问题,并分析了翻转课堂应用于宏观经济学课堂的可行性,最后提出了翻转课堂模式的实施策略。

关键词： 宏观经济学   兴趣分组法   本土化  

摘要： 宏观经济学作为经管类专业的一门专业基础课,是一门较为枯燥而且难度系数较大的课程。对宏观经济学的教学改革应根据学生自身条件和教学目标进行内容框架调整,改革教学方法,引入本土案例等。宏观经济学的教学尽量结合国内和本地区的经济时事,采用生动的教学方式提高学习效果。

关键词： 宏观经济学   全英教学   教学方法   反馈机制   探索与改革  

摘要： 宏观经济学是经济管理类专业的基础理论课程,其全英课的实施有助于培养学生具有国际化视野和在英语环境中从事经济管理工作的能力。论文简述了高校开设宏观经济学全英课的重要意义,介绍了宏观经济学全英课教学模式,然后论文针对目前该课程全英教学实践中遇到的问题,重点讨论如何从改进教学方法、完善反馈机制两个方面对宏观经济学全英课教学工作进行探索与改革。

关键词： Economics   Finance   Public policy  

摘要： Economic models commonly feature utility-maximizing agents. How the agents form their perceptions and expectations and the structure of the agent’s incentives are key factors in these models. In order to produce a useful and realistic model, it is crucial that agent expectations and incentives are properly specified. This dissertation empirically and theoretically investigates belief formation (Chapters 1 and 2) and incentives (Chapter 3) for different agents in the economy and discusses the implications for monetary policy. In Chapter 1, "The Inattentive Consumer: Sentiment and Expectations”, I use survey data to show that consumer beliefs about economic variables are driven by a single component: sentiment. When consumers are “optimistic” (have positive sentiment), they expect the economy to expand but inflation to decline. This correlation stands in contrast to recent U.S. experience. I explain these stylized facts with a model of a rationally inattentive consumer who faces uncertainty about fundamentals. To economize on information costs, the consumer chooses to reduce the dimensionality of the problem and obtain a signal that is a linear combination of fundamentals. Optimal information gathering results in covariances of beliefs that differ from the underlying data-generating process, and in particular leads to countercyclical price beliefs. Thus, monetary policies that aim to stimulate the economy by raising inflation expectations can have counterproductive consequences. In Chapter 2, “The Formation of Expectations, Inflation, and the Philiips Curve”, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Olivier Coibion and I argue for a careful re-consideration of the expectations formation process and a more systematic inclusion of real-time expectations through survey data in macroeconomic analyses. While the rational expectations revolution has allowed for great leaps in macroeconomic modeling, the surveyed empirical micro-evidence appears increasingly at odds with the full-information ra

关键词： Economics   Labor economics  

摘要： My dissertation consists of three chapters studying macroeconomic dynamics with search frictions and imperfect information. In the first chapter, I show that unemployed job seekers devote less efforts in the case of high perceived uncertainty and large wealth empirically and analytically. Based on those findings, I build the life-cycle incomplete market model with imperfect information to explain the hump-shaped job search profile quantitatively. The fully characterized model fits well not only the hump-shaped job search profile but also interesting features of the labor market. In the second chapter, I study the effects of consumers’ shopping effort behavior on aggregate business cycle dynamics. Using micro-level data, I find that shopping effort of consumers is procyclical, and the procyclicality is more pronounced for unemployed individuals than employed ones. To explain these empirical facts and study the effects of them on the dynamics of aggregate variables, I build a model of endogenous price hunting in decentralized labor and product markets. The model predicts 1) prices are rigid as consumers search more in recession 2) the rigid prices induce less volatile business cycle fluctuations and 3) wage rigidity is positively related to price rigidity. I also provide empirical evidence for these effects using the time use survey and the scanner data. In the third chapter, we study a model of endogenous uncertainty to investigate the dynamics of the fiscal multiplier while the level of uncertainty responds to the real activity in the economy. Facing higher uncertainty, firms invest less due to wait-and-see behavior and can obtain less accurate information through social learning. Under this environment, the fiscal multiplier becomes larger in recessions as fiscal policies can mitigate drops in private investments and resulting hikes in uncertainty. We also provide empirical evidence to support our theory.

关键词： Business Cycles   Entrepreneurship   Skewness   Skill Bias Technical Change   Uncertainty  

摘要： This dissertation consists of three chapters. In the first essay of my thesis, I document a marked declined in the share of entrepreneurial households in the United States and I propose and quantify a mechanism to account for such decline. Using individual-level data, I provide evidence on the decline in the population share of entrepreneurs and in the entry rate into entrepreneurship. I also show that the decline is most concentrated among college graduates. Then, using an otherwise standard entrepreneurial choice model with two skill groups of individuals, I show that the decline in entrepreneurship is the equilibrium outcome of two forces that have increased the returns to high skill labor: the skill-biased technical change and the decrease in the cost of capital goods. I find that these two technological forces jointly account for three-quarters of the decline in the share of entrepreneurs observed in the United States over the last 30 years. In the second essay of this thesis, Nicholas Bloom, Fatih Guvenen, and I study the cyclicality the distribution of firm-leve outcomes over the business cycle. Using firm-level panel data from the US Census and for more than forty other countries, we show that the skewness of the growth rate of employment and sales is procyclical. In particular, during recessions, they display a large left tail of negative growth rates (and during booms, a large right tail of positive growth rates). These results are robust to different selection criteria, across countries, industries, and measures. We find similar results at the industry level: industries with falling growth rates see more left-skewed growth rates of firm sales. We then build a heterogeneous agents model in which entrepreneurs face shocks with time-varying skewness that matches the firm-level distributions we document for the United States. Our quantitative results show that a negative shock to the skewness of firms’ productivity growth (keeping the mean and variance consta

关键词： 宏观经济学   方法论  

ISBN: (数字)9787519605728 ISBN: (纸本)9787519605728

摘要： 本书运用唯物主义的方法，从经济之树“根部”着手，逐步分析与推导，打开了宏观经济管理的新视野，理论完整，回答了许多现实中的经济问题，为解决现实经济问题提供具体方法。本书主要分为三部分，第一部分是本书的基础，主要阐述各种产品之间的匹配关系和产品与货币之间的匹配关系的原理，及如何测定匹配关系的优劣，包括实物循环、货币循环等。第二部分是宏观经济的亚宏观管理方法，主要阐述如何监测宏观经济运行、如何定量调整经济政策，及包括哪些手段。第三部分是更深一层的问题，包括GDP增速和宏观效率。在GDP增速部分里，从理论上推导出GDP增速应该是多少，在宏观效率部分，运用宏观效率的理论，分析现实经济现象。

关键词： 通识教育   宏观经济学   高校教学  

摘要： 通识教育是存在普遍意义的教育。其教育目的为受学者在多元化的社会中,提供不同于人群的时间与价值观。而宏观经济学大量研究数据、理论得出结果。在两者相结合下,运用通识教育的方式教学宏观经济学,能让学生得到更加全面的发展,培养学生品质与学识的双向发展。就该问题而探讨,以期在通识教育的方式下能更加适合的展现宏观经济学的教学方法。

关键词： 宏观经济学   线上线下混合式“金课”   MOOC+SPOC  

摘要： 以MOOC+SPOC为主的线上线下混合教学模式正逐渐成为数字经济时代教学技术改革的趋势。本文系统梳理了打造宏观经济学线上线下混合式"金课"的理念和实施路径,提出宏观经济学"金课"应当具备改造为具有"知识、思维、能力"三位一体的教学目标,"广度为基础、深度有拓展"的课程内容,"无中心、分享化、主动性"的教学手段和"过程化考核"的考核方式等立体化教学体系,并通过实施证明和问卷反馈发现SPOC课程体系改造使得学习效果得到明显提升。

关键词： Asset Pricing   Banking   Monetary Economics   Regulation and Supervision  

摘要： In the wake of the financial crisis of 2007-2009, academics and policymakers have worked to empirically quantify macro-financial linkages. This dissertation contributes to this debate by covering two broad themes. First, substantial changes in bank regulation and supervision typically follow financial crises. Quantifying the impact of these new policies is of paramount importance to academics and policymakers. To this end, my research in this area sheds light on the ways in which changes in financial stability policy ultimately affect the economy. Bank stress testing has become a major tool of supervisory policy in the past decade. The first chapter, The Real Effects of Stress Testing, uses the introduction of annual stress testing of large U.S. banks in 2009 as a quasi-experiment to examine whether bank supervisory policies affect real economic activity. While stress-tested banks reduced their risk exposure to large corporate loans, foreign banks mostly offset this shock and enabled firms to continue borrowing after the test. However, speculative grade firms that were highly exposed to stress-tested banks borrowed on worse terms after the test, and subsequently reduced fixed investment and employment. In contrast, highly exposed investment grade firms received new loans and expanded intangible investment. This paper provides insights into the effects of stress testing on the reallocation of risks in the financial system and the consequences for real economic activity. The structure of the U.S. mortgage market has experienced dramatic changes in recent years, as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the major government-sponsored enterprises or GSEs) faced substantial reforms to their business practices. An important feature of regulatory reform included changing the pricing of loan guarantees on mortgage-backed securities insured by the GSEs, in particular removing the subsidy paid by small lenders to large lenders in 2012. The second chapter of this dissertation, Lender Cro