关键词： 中药制剂分析   实验教学   PBL  

摘要： 将PBL教学法应用于中药制剂分析实验教学,从实验教学内容的选择、实验教学方式的组织及实验考核评价体系的建立等方面对中药制剂分析实验教学进行改革研究,探索实验教学的新思路和新方法,建立能开展PBL教学的中药制剂分析实验教师队伍,培养具有创新能力的综合型人才。

关键词： 包合技术   环糊精包合物   中药制剂   产品质量  

摘要： 包合技术是将药物包合于β-环糊精中。目前有很多制剂利用包合技术提高了稳定性。环糊精包合物在中药制剂的应用方面,近年来研究报告越来越多。从已研究的成果来看,这一技术在提高中药制剂的质量等方面有着很大的作用。

关键词： Aflatoxin B1   aflatoxin M1   carry-over rate of aflatoxin   AFB1-contaminated feed  

摘要： High occurrence of aflatoxin contamination in feed stuffs implicates for a long time experience of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure to dairy cattle in Indonesia. A latin square 4X4 research design was adopted to study the characteristic of AFB1 carry-over rate (COR) of Indonesian crossbred Friesian Holstein (PFH) as effects of inclusions of AFB1-naturally contaminated feed and bentonite in the diet. Results showed a rapid aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) excretion in the milk, detected in the first milking sample or 10 hours after AFB1 ingestion. The steady state of AFM1 concentration observed since the first day of treatment period and AFM1 contamination was still detected until 5 days after AFB1 removed from the diet. The COR in this study was observed 0.1%. AFM1 concentration was highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by treatments. However, there were no significant effects (P>0.05) of levels of AFB1 and bentonite inclusions on the COR, nutrients intake, milk production, and milk composition. IIt is concluded that AFM1 concentration was influenced by AFB1 intake and that transfer of AFB1-feed into AFM1-milk (COR) in PFH cow was lower compare to reported COR value for dairy cow in sub tropical region.

关键词： chitin   ELISA   mixed cultures   moulds   mycotoxins   ELISA   hitin   mikotoksini   mješovite kulture   plijesni   Language of Keywords: English   Croatian  

摘要： One strain of Aspergillus flavus ATCC 26949 and one strain of Fusarium graminearum ZMPBF 1244 were used to investigate the effect of growth in mixed culture on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accumulation in respect to time and temperature of cultivation in vitro. The experiments were carried out with aflatoxigenous mould A. flavus ATCC 26949 in pure culture and in mixed culture, respectively, the latter with the common mould F. graminearum ZMPBF 1244. F. graminearum does not produce aflatoxins and chromatographycally similar compounds. The amount of biomass was estimated by measuring the chitin content; the aflatoxin accumulation by means of UV light and ELISA method. It was established that the accumulation of AFB1 primarily depend on the temperature of cultivation, rather than on growth of the mycelium. The biomass of the mixed culture of A. flavus and F. graminearum after 35 days of cultivation reduces the amount of AFB1 by 55 to 76% in respect to highest values obtained in experiments with the pure culture of A. flavus. Decrease of this toxin amount is more pronounced in the substrate at the higher water content and at the higher temperature of cultivation. As a general rule, cultures grown in mixed culture under investigate temperature conditions produced less amount of AFB1 than A. flavus grown in pure culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： aflatoxin   clay enterosorbent   hematology   oxidative stress   serum biochemistry   SODIUM-CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE   BRAIN REGIONAL NEUROCHEMISTRY   INDUCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION   FUSARIUM-MYCOTOXINS   PURIFIED ZEARALENONE   CULTURE MATERIAL   HEPATIC DAMAGE   FEEDING BLENDS   VITAMIN-E   MONTMORILLONITE  

摘要： A 3-wk experiment was conducted to investigate the ability of clay enterosorbent to counteract the toxic effects of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) from naturally contaminated moldy corn (Zea mays; 170 mu g/kg of AFB(1)) on hematology, serum biochemistry, and oxidative stress in ducklings. Six hundred forty 1-d-old healthy Cherry Valley Ducks were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments: 1) low-AFB(1) diets (LA), without contaminated corn; 2) LA + clay enterosorbent; 3) high-AFB(1) diets (HA), with contaminated corn; and 4) HA + clay enterosorbent. There were 8 replicates of 20 birds each. Blood and liver samples from 8 ducks per treatment were obtained at d 21 to determine hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant status. All ducklings had similar ADFI and FCR. However, consumption of the HA diet caused lower (P < 0.05) 21-d BW and ADG than consumption of the LA + clay diet. Compared with ducklings fed the LA diet, those fed the HA diet had an increased (P < 0.05) lymphocyte percentage and had decreased (P < 0.05) granulocyte, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations. Adding 0.1% clay enterosorbent to the HA diets counteracted those effects to some extent. However, the platelet count of ducklings fed the AFB(1) diet decreased (P < 0.05) with or without the 0.1% clay enterosorbent. Ducks fed the HA diet had reduced (P < 0.05) activities of creatine kinase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total superoxide dismutase in the serum, and glutathione peroxidase in both the serum and liver, decreased concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in the serum, but increased (P < 0.05) activities of alkaline phosphatase in the serum and malondialdehyde in the serum and liver. Addition of 0.1% clay enterosorbent to the HA diet increased (P < 0.05) activities of creatine kinase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total superoxide dismutase, glutathion

关键词： 酸枣仁   黄曲霉毒素B1   残留测定   不确定度  

摘要： 目的对高效液相色谱法测定酸枣仁中黄曲霉毒素B1残留量的不确定度进行评定。方法对HPLC测定酸枣仁中黄曲霉毒素B1残留量的全过程进行分析,同时结合酸枣仁中黄曲霉毒素B1的HPLC方法验证数据,对分析过程中称量、供试品溶液及对照品溶液制备等影响因素引起的不确定度进行评价,最后根据各分量计算出合成不确定度并进行了扩展。结果酸枣仁中黄曲霉毒素残留量B1为6.218μ***-1,置信概率(P)为95%时,其扩展不确定度为0.496μ***-1。结论该方法适用于HPLC测定酸枣仁中黄曲霉毒素B1残留量的不确定度评定,为黄曲霉毒素分析过程的不确定度评定提供了重要参考。

关键词： 中药制剂   药品不良反应   合理用药  

摘要： 目的了解我院中药制剂药品不良反应（ADR）的发生情况及特点，促进中药制剂的合理应用。方法采用回顾性方法，以我院2009-2011年上报的ADR报表中，筛选出中药制剂ADR报告，进行统计、分析。结果2009-2011年度我院共收集中药制剂ADR报告99例，涉及35个制剂品种，其中注射剂30个品种，导致ADR89例次；口服制剂7个品种，导致ADR10例次。其中7个中药注射剂品种导致ADR51例次，占总例数的51．5％。ADR表现以皮肤及附件损害（33例次）为主，其次是消化系统（26例次）和神经系统（24例次），严重ADR3例，一般96例，其中新发现的ADR16例（16．2％），绝大多数ADR转归良好。结论中药制剂不良反应在临床较为常见，应加强中药制剂，特别是中药注射剂的ADR监测，合理使用中药制剂，减少或避免ADR发生，保障患者用药安全。

关键词： 液体药物   沉淀物   服用   变质   存放时间   中药提取物   析出结晶   类药物  

摘要： 糖浆类药物存放时间久了，下层会有些絮状物。这有两个原因：第一，存放时间久了，中药提取物比重大，沉淀了。第二，糖浆类药物“怕冷”，低温会使蔗糖、药物的溶解度降低，进而析出结晶。再加上蔗糖的比重大于水，所以瓶内下层的浓度耍高于上层，看着也就更浑浊。

关键词： 三七通舒胶囊   征文通知   临床应用   神经保护作用   三七三醇皂苷   大孔吸附树脂   中药制剂   抗血小板聚集  

摘要： 三七通舒胶囊[国药准字Z20030109]为国家中药Ⅱ类新药，是成都华神股份有限公司制药厂从单味名贵药材三七中，采用大孔吸附树脂分离纯化先进技术获得的三七三醇皂苷（PTS）制剂；是公司自主研发的具有独立知识产权的现代中药制剂。具有抑制，TXA2的释放（不影响PG12活性），抗血小板聚集，抗血栓形成，改善微循环，降低全血粘度，增强颈动脉血流量和多靶点神经保护作用，是脑血管一神经双重作用药物，主要用于心脑血管栓塞性病症的治疗和预防。

关键词： 风油精   足癣   外搽   霉菌   棉签   中药制剂   皮肤病   擦干   芳香化湿   生长繁殖  

摘要： 足癣是指发生在趾掌面的霉菌性皮肤病。因潮湿的环境利于霉菌生长繁殖,所以足部出汗较多的人易发,使用公共浴池,用公共拖鞋、脚盆、毛巾时也易相互感染。治疗时可采用常见的中药制剂风油精。每晚睡前用温水洗足后擦干,用棉签蘸本品少许外搽患处,每天1次,连续3～5天。